= heart failure; inability of the heart, to promote the supply of necessary blood volume; clinical syndrome of varying origin, not a disease, eg myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, permanent hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias
Symptoms
left heart failure (congestion in pulmonary circulation) | right heart failure (congestion in the systemic circulation) |
dyspnea | renal failure / Dysfunction |
pulmonary edema | Stauungsgastritis; ascites |
cough (Stauungsbronchitis) | ankle edema |
"rales | distended neck veins |
orthopnea | exertional |
tachypnea | liver / spleen enlargement |
true for both: |
cyanosis |
tachycardia |
Decreased performance |
nocturia |
oxygen - reduced supply of the organism |
may oliguria |
- NYHA 1: Complete freedom from symptoms are asymptomatic with normal physical activity, affected people (determination by measurement).
- NYHA 2: Slight limitation of exercise capacity in physical activity.
- NYHA 3: Strong restriction of capacity even at light physical activity. Dyspnea and fatigue occur.
- NYHA 4: possible No strain. Every physical activity increased the most in peace insufficiency existing characters such as dyspnea or cyanosis.
[NYHA = New York Heart Association]
Drug therapy
- ACE inhibitor -
- Beta - receptors - Blocker
- diuretics
- digitalis
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